Inhabited by wild, barbaric tribes, Dacia was to the Romans a constant threat. Comprising roughly Wallachia and Transylvania, it was inhabited by tribes related to the Medo-Persian Sarmatians, Roxolani and similar. Under Domitian the Dacians, led by their king Decebalus, repeatedly invaded Roman territory. Trajan defeated him and annexed the territory in two campaigns, ending in 107.

Dacias main produce was mineral. The province had mines; a number of coin issues survive, probably of quadrans denomination, for use at the mines. Provincial coinage consists of a series struck for eleven years, beginning in 246.