The History and Numismatic Output of the Province of Epirus

EPIRUS.

Major mints: Ambracia, Cassope, Corcyra, Damastium, Nicopolis; also royal and Republican issues.

Comprising part of northwestern Greece, extending into what is now Albania, this area was first brought into Greece during the Bronze Age; Mycenaean settlements have been found, especially near the shrine of Dodonaean Zeus. Later the territory produced two types of settlements: the Doric towns of the interior, and the maritime colonies of the coast.

The important colonies were Ambracia, founded by Corinthian colonists before 600 BC, and Corcyra; a colony founded by Corinthians on an earlier Eretrian one. Ambracia was loyal to and helped by Corinth; Corcyra was a most fractious colony, defeating a Corinthian fleet, sent to keep it in line, at Sybota. In the Peloponnesian War Corcyra supported Athens, at least until 410.

After the Macedonian conquest one of the interior tribes, the Molossi, united the territory under a king. The most famous king was Pyrrhos (297-272 BC); his successors fought among themselves, and the monarchy was swept away in favor of a republic after 232. Unfortunately for them they supported Perseus of Macedon against Rome, and paid dearly for it.

In 31 BC Octavius defeated Antony at Actium, in the Gulf of Ambracia. In commemoration he founded the town of Nicopolis, relocating most of the population of the coastal cities to his new foundation.

The standard types of most of the Epirote cities were related to the cult of Dodonaean Zeus, whose shrine was in the Molossian territory. These types were mainly a head of bearded Zeus, and thunderbolt, bull or similar type within an oak-wreath. Other coins, especially of Corcyra, have the types of a cow suckling a calf and a double stellate pattern in a double incuse square. These coins were imitated in Illyricum as well.

 


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