Major mint: Thebes, Koronea, Haliartos, Orchomenos, Tanagra, Thespiae.

Consisting mainly of a large, fertile plain in the center of Greece, this district had a variety of legends going back to Homeric times. The origin of Thebes is said to have been from the men who grew up from a bag of dragons teeth sown by Cadmus, and the city features in other stories, notably in the tales of Oedipos and of the Seven against Thebes. In historical times it became the largest city of Boeotia, hence the natural leader of the Boeotian League. The fortunes of Thebes varied; punished for siding with the Persians during Xerxess invasion, they sided with Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, then under Epaminondas crushed the Spartans at Leuktra in 371 BC. For a few years Thebes was the arbiter of Greece. The city was taken by Philip of Macedon, and was razed after revolting against Alexander.

Most of the Beoetian coinage consists of League issues, which all bear as a badge the distinctive, figure-8 Boeotian shield, with the emblem of the issuing city on the reverse. Thebess badge is the amphora: Orchomenoss, a galloping horse; or in other cases the initials of the city.

Thespiae was the administrator of the Sanctuary of the Muses on Mt. Helicon; the festivals of these Thespiadae have given us the familiar, if somewhat obsolete, term thespians for actors.