Major mints: Chalcedon, Kios, Heraklea; dynasts and kingdom.

In northwestern Asia Minor, originally inhabited by Mysians, this region was settled by Thracians, called Thynians, who invaded sometime before 600 BC. These Thracians kept up a continual feud with both the Mysians and the Greek coastal cities, and although they were subject to the Persians they avoided submitting to either Alexander or his successors. One of their chiefs, Zipotes, declared himself king in 297, beating back the efforts of Seleukos to conquer him. The later kings issued coins down to Nikomedes IV, who left his kingdom to Rome in his will.

Most of the non-royal coins were issued by the Greek cities, notably Chalcedon and Kios. Chalcedon was a colony from Megara, across the strait from Byzantium. The most important event of this citys existence was not some Greek event, but rather the famous church council of 451.

The city of Heraklea Pontika was dedicated to Herakles, being the place where, in legend, Herakles went down to the underworld. The city itself was, like Chalcedon, a Megaran colony of the sixth century BC. Originally a democracy, Heraklea was taken over by a local dynast Klearchos in 364/3 BC, and his successors ruled until the 280s when they were overthrown favor of another democracy.