Major mints: Ancyra, Pessines, Tavion; also a series of Roman client-kings.

District in Asia Minor inhabited by those Gauls who, during their migrations, moved south rather than west. The Gauls ravaged the surrounding territories before being driven into this more limited area, where they established themselves as a sort of military elite. The Gauls of Gallo-Graecia were under the nominal overlordship of the kings, first of Pergamon, then of Bithynia.

The most important town was Pessines, which was a market of some importance. It was the center of the cult of Agdistis (identified with Cybele), and had been ruled by priest-kings as was typical of Syria. The Romans took the figure of that deity from the temple. The deities Cybele and Attis appeared on the coins.

The best-known city is Ancyra, now the capital of Turkey, founded according to legend by the Phrygian king Midas, he of the golden touch. The Gauls refounded it as one of their tribal capitals. The Romans organized it as the capital of the province of Galatia.

The best-known ancient reference to Galatia is of course the Epistle written by St. Paul to the Galatians, and who visited the city on one of his journeys.

A series of client-kings ruled the district from Deiotaros (64-40 BC) to Amyntas (36-25 BC), until Amyntas attempted to reduce some of the fractious tribes, and was captured and killed. In consequence the Romans annexed the kingdom.